\indexentry {classical OFT|see{optimal foraging theory}}{1}
\indexentry {classical optimal foraging theory|see{optimal foraging theory}}{1}
\indexentry {OFT|see{optimal foraging theory}}{1}
\indexentry {optimal foraging theory|indexdef}{1}
\indexentry {examples!applications!autonomous vehicle|hyperpage}{1}
\indexentry {examples!applications!autonomous vehicle|hyperpage}{1}
\indexentry {solitary agent model|(hyperpage}{3}
\indexentry {agent model|see{solitary agent model}}{3}
\indexentry {stochastic model|see{solitary agent model}}{3}
\indexentry {foraging model|see{solitary agent model}}{3}
\indexentry {model|see{solitary agent model}}{3}
\indexentry {foraging|see{optimal foraging theory}}{3}
\indexentry {optimal foraging theory|(hyperpage}{3}
\indexentry {stochasticity|hyperpage}{3}
\indexentry {optimal foraging theory|)hyperpage}{3}
\indexentry {agent|see{solitary agent model, agent}}{4}
\indexentry {searching|see{solitary agent model, searching}}{4}
\indexentry {tasks|see{solitary agent model, tasks}}{4}
\indexentry {processing|see{solitary agent model, processing}}{4}
\indexentry {point gain|see{solitary agent model, point gain}}{4}
\indexentry {costs|see{solitary agent model, costs}}{4}
\indexentry {currency|see{solitary agent model, currency}}{4}
\indexentry {net point gain|see{solitary agent model, net point gain}}{4}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!agent|indexdef}{4}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!searching|indexdef}{4}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!tasks|indexdef}{4}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing|indexdef}{4}
\indexentry {gain|see{solitary agent model, point gain}}{4}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!point gain|indexdef}{4}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!costs|indexdef}{4}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!currency|indexdef}{4}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!net point gain|indexdef}{4}
\indexentry {examples!applications!autonomous vehicle|hyperpage}{4}
\indexentry {choice|see{solitary agent model, choice}}{4}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!choice|indexdef}{4}
\indexentry {optimal foraging theory|(hyperpage}{5}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis|(hyperpage}{5}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis|)hyperpage}{5}
\indexentry {optimal foraging theory|)hyperpage}{5}
\indexentry {solitary agent model|)hyperpage}{5}
\indexentry {randomness|see{stochasticity}}{6}
\indexentry {probability|see{stochasticity}}{6}
\indexentry {solitary agent model|(indexdef}{6}
\indexentry {probability space|see{stochasticity, probability space}}{6}
\indexentry {random variables|see{stochasticity, random variables}}{6}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!expected value|see{stochasticity, statistics, expectation}}{6}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!mean|see{stochasticity, statistics, expectation}}{6}
\indexentry {expected value|see{stochasticity, statistics, expectation}}{6}
\indexentry {expectation|see{stochasticity, statistics, expectation}}{6}
\indexentry {mean|see{stochasticity, statistics, expectation}}{6}
\indexentry {average|see{stochasticity, statistics, expectation}}{6}
\indexentry {model assumptions|see{solitary agent model, assumptions}}{6}
\indexentry {assumptions|see{solitary agent model, assumptions}}{6}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!assumptions|(indexdef}{6}
\indexentry {uncorrelated random variables|see{stochasticity, random variable, uncorrelated}}{6}
\indexentry {independent random variables|see{stochasticity, random variable, independent}}{6}
\indexentry {stochasticity!probability space|(indexdef}{6}
\indexentry {probability measure|see{stochasticity, probability measure}}{6}
\indexentry {stochasticity!probability measure|indexdef}{6}
\indexentry {stochasticity!probability space|)indexdef}{6}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable|(indexdef}{6}
\indexentry {Borel sets|see{mathematics, sets, Borel algebra}}{6}
\indexentry {numbers|see{mathematics, numbers}}{6}
\indexentry {real numbers|see{mathematics, numbers, real numbers}}{6}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable|)indexdef}{6}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!expectation ($\E $)|(indexdef}{6}
\indexentry {moments|see{stochasticity, statistics, moments}}{6}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!moments|indexdef}{6}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!expectation ($\E $)|)indexdef}{6}
\indexentry {pseudo-deterministic|see{stochasticity, random variable, pseudo-deterministic}}{7}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!pseudo-deterministic|(indexdef}{7}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!uncorrelated|(indexdef}{7}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!uncorrelated|)indexdef}{7}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!independence|(indexdef}{7}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!independence|)indexdef}{7}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!pseudo-deterministic|)indexdef}{8}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!assumptions|)indexdef}{8}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!random processes|(indexdef}{8}
\indexentry {mutually independent and identically distributed (\iid )|see{stochasticity, random variable, \iid }}{8}
\indexentry {independent and identically distributed (\iid )|see{stochasticity, random variable, \iid }}{8}
\indexentry {iid@\iid |see{stochasticity, random variable, \iid }}{8}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!iid@\iid |indexdef}{8}
\indexentry {finite expectation|see{stochasticity, statistics, finite expectation}}{8}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!finite expectation|hyperpage}{8}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!finite expectation|(indexdef}{8}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!finite expectation|)indexdef}{8}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!random processes|)indexdef}{9}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!parameters|(indexdef}{9}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!parameters|)indexdef}{11}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!decision variables|(indexdef}{11}
\indexentry {task processing-length choice problem|hyperpage}{11}
\indexentry {patch model|see{task processing-length choice problem}}{11}
\indexentry {task-type choice problem|hyperpage}{11}
\indexentry {prey model|see{task-type choice problem}}{11}
\indexentry {combined task-type and processing-length choice problem|hyperpage}{11}
\indexentry {combined prey and patch model|see{combined task-type and processing-length choice problem}}{11}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!decision variables|)indexdef}{11}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!random processes|(indexdef}{12}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!finite expectation|hyperpage}{12}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!pseudo-deterministic|hyperpage}{12}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!independence|hyperpage}{12}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!random processes|)indexdef}{12}
\indexentry {solitary agent model|)indexdef}{12}
\indexentry {solitary agent model|(hyperpage}{12}
\indexentry {optimal foraging theory|(hyperpage}{12}
\indexentry {optimal foraging theory|)hyperpage}{13}
\indexentry {optimal foraging theory|(hyperpage}{13}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis|(indexdef}{13}
\indexentry {merge before split approach|hyperpage}{13}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!Poisson encounters|(indexdef}{13}
\indexentry {merged Poisson process|see{stochasticity, Poisson process, merged}}{14}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Poisson process!merged|hyperpage}{14}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Poisson process!merged|hyperpage}{14}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!Poisson encounters|)indexdef}{14}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!reward processes|(indexdef}{14}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!reward processes|)indexdef}{14}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!statistics|(indexdef}{14}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Poisson process!merged|hyperpage}{15}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!statistics|)indexdef}{15}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!reward processes|(indexdef}{15}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!reward processes|)indexdef}{15}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!statistics|(indexdef}{15}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!OFT cycle|hyperpage}{16}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!statistics|)indexdef}{16}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Markov renewal process|(hyperpage}{16}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!renewal process|(indexdef}{16}
\indexentry {Markov renewal cycles!OFT cycle|see{solitary agent model, classical analysis, OFT cycle}}{16}
\indexentry {OFT cycle|see{solitary agent model, classical analysis, OFT cycle}}{16}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!OFT cycle|indexdef}{16}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!renewal process|)indexdef}{17}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Markov renewal process|)hyperpage}{17}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Markov renewal-reward process|(hyperpage}{18}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!reward processes|(indexdef}{18}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Markov renewal-reward process|)hyperpage}{18}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!reward processes|)indexdef}{18}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!statistics|(indexdef}{18}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!statistics|)indexdef}{19}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!limits|(indexdef}{19}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain|(indexdef}{19}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain|)indexdef}{19}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!limits|)indexdef}{19}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!variance|(indexdef}{20}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!statistics|(indexdef}{20}
\indexentry {variance|see{stochasticity, statistics, variance}}{20}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!pseudo-deterministic|hyperpage}{20}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!variance ($\var $)|(indexdef}{20}
\indexentry {central moments|see{stochasticity, statistics, central moments}}{20}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!central moments|indexdef}{20}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!variance ($\var $)|)indexdef}{20}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!statistics|)indexdef}{22}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!variance|)indexdef}{22}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis|)indexdef}{22}
\indexentry {optimal foraging theory|)hyperpage}{22}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis|(indexdef}{22}
\indexentry {split Poisson process|see{stochasticity, Poisson process, split}}{22}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Poisson process!split|hyperpage}{22}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Poisson process!merged|hyperpage}{22}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Poisson process!merged|hyperpage}{22}
\indexentry {split before merge approach|hyperpage}{22}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!Poisson encounters|(indexdef}{22}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Poisson process!split|hyperpage}{23}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!Poisson encounters|)indexdef}{23}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!reward processes|(indexdef}{23}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!reward processes|)indexdef}{23}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!Poisson encounters|(indexdef}{23}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Poisson process!merged|hyperpage}{23}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!Poisson encounters|)indexdef}{23}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!reward processes|(indexdef}{23}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!reward processes|)indexdef}{24}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!statistics|(indexdef}{24}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!statistics|)indexdef}{24}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!reward processes|(indexdef}{24}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!processing cycle|hyperpage}{25}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!reward processes|)indexdef}{25}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!renewal process|(indexdef}{25}
\indexentry {Markov renewal cycles!processing cycle|see{solitary agent model, processing-only analysis, processing cycle}}{25}
\indexentry {processing cycle|see{solitary agent model, processing-only analysis, processing cycle}}{25}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!processing cycle|indexdef}{25}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!renewal process|)indexdef}{25}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!reward processes|(indexdef}{26}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Markov renewal-reward process|(hyperpage}{26}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Markov renewal-reward process|)hyperpage}{26}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!reward processes|)indexdef}{26}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!statistics|(indexdef}{26}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!statistics|)indexdef}{26}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!limits|(indexdef}{26}
\indexentry {long-term rate of net gain|see{long-term average rate of net gain}}{27}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain|(indexdef}{27}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain|)indexdef}{27}
\indexentry {optimal foraging theory|hyperpage}{27}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!limits|)indexdef}{27}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!statistics|(indexdef}{27}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!variance|(indexdef}{27}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!pseudo-deterministic|hyperpage}{27}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!variance|)indexdef}{28}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!statistics|)indexdef}{28}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis|)indexdef}{28}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!comparison of analyses|(hyperpage}{29}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!comparison of analyses|)hyperpage}{30}
\indexentry {model weaknesses|see{solitary agent model, weaknesses}}{30}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!weaknesses|(indexdef}{30}
\indexentry {examples!applications!autonomous vehicle|hyperpage}{31}
\indexentry {examples!applications!surveillance|hyperpage}{31}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!weaknesses|)indexdef}{32}
\indexentry {solitary agent model|)hyperpage}{32}
\indexentry {modern portfolio theory (MPT)|see{finance, modern portfolio theory}}{33}
\indexentry {MPT|see{finance, modern portfolio theory}}{33}
\indexentry {finance!modern portfolio theory (MPT)|indexdef}{33}
\indexentry {post-modern portfolio theory (PMPT)|see{finance, post-modern portfolio theory}}{34}
\indexentry {PMPT|see{finance, post-modern portfolio theory}}{34}
\indexentry {finance!post-modern portfolio theory (PMPT)|indexdef}{34}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!skewness|(hyperpage}{34}
\indexentry {skewness|see{stochasticity, statistics, skewness}}{34}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable|(hyperpage}{34}
\indexentry {symmetry|see{stochasticity, distributions, symmetry}}{34}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!symmetry|hyperpage}{34}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!central moments|hyperpage}{34}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable|)hyperpage}{34}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!skewness|)hyperpage}{35}
\indexentry {multiobjective optimization|see{optimality, multiobjective optimization}}{35}
\indexentry {compound objectives|see{optimality, multiobjective optimization}}{35}
\indexentry {optimality!compound objectives|see{optimality, multiobjective optimization}}{35}
\indexentry {optimality!multiobjective optimization|(hyperpage}{35}
\indexentry {skewness preference|hyperpage}{35}
\indexentry {optimality!multiobjective optimization!linear combination|hyperpage}{36}
\indexentry {Pareto optimal|see{optimality, Pareto efficient}}{36}
\indexentry {Pareto efficient|see{optimality, Pareto efficient}}{36}
\indexentry {optimality!Pareto optimal|see{optimality, Pareto efficient}}{36}
\indexentry {optimality!Pareto efficient|hyperpage}{36}
\indexentry {optimality!multiobjective optimization!maximin|hyperpage}{36}
\indexentry {Lagrange multiplier method|see{optimality, Lagrange multiplier method}}{36}
\indexentry {optimality!Lagrange multiplier method|hyperpage}{36}
\indexentry {Kuhn-Tucker conditions|see{optimality, KKT conditions}}{36}
\indexentry {KKT conditions|see{optimality, KKT conditions}}{36}
\indexentry {Karush-Khun-Tucker (KKT) conditions|see{optimality, KKT conditions}}{36}
\indexentry {optimality!KKT conditions|hyperpage}{36}
\indexentry {optimality!multiobjective optimization|)hyperpage}{36}
\indexentry {optimization constraints|(hyperpage}{36}
\indexentry {optimization constraints!time|hyperpage}{36}
\indexentry {optimality!Pareto efficient|(indexdef}{36}
\indexentry {frontier|see{optimality, Pareto efficient}}{36}
\indexentry {Pareto frontier|see{optimality, Pareto efficient}}{36}
\indexentry {optimality!Pareto frontier|see{optimality, Pareto efficient}}{36}
\indexentry {optimality!Pareto efficient|)indexdef}{36}
\indexentry {optimization constraints!nutrients|hyperpage}{37}
\indexentry {optimization constraints!encounter-rate|hyperpage}{37}
\indexentry {speed-accuracy tradeoff|(hyperpage}{38}
\indexentry {speed-accuracy tradeoff|)hyperpage}{38}
\indexentry {optimality!Lagrange multiplier method|hyperpage}{38}
\indexentry {optimization constraints|)hyperpage}{38}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!optimization|(hyperpage}{39}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain|(hyperpage}{39}
\indexentry {rate maximization|(hyperpage}{39}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain!justification|(hyperpage}{39}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain!justification|)hyperpage}{40}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain!limit|(hyperpage}{40}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain!limit|)hyperpage}{41}
\indexentry {opportunity cost|see{long-term average rate of net gain, opportunity cost}}{41}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain!opportunity cost|(hyperpage}{41}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain!opportunity cost|)hyperpage}{42}
\indexentry {equilibrium process rate of net gain|see{equilibrium renewal process rate of net gain}}{42}
\indexentry {equilibrium renewal process rate of net gain|(hyperpage}{42}
\indexentry {equilibrium renewal process rate of net gain|)hyperpage}{43}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain!graphical optimization|(hyperpage}{43}
\indexentry {MVT|see{marginal value theorem}}{44}
\indexentry {marginal value theorem (MVT)|indexdef}{44}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain!graphical optimization|)hyperpage}{44}
\indexentry {long-term average rate of net gain|)hyperpage}{44}
\indexentry {rate maximization|)hyperpage}{44}
\indexentry {risk minimization|see{risk sensitivity}}{44}
\indexentry {risk sensitivity|(hyperpage}{44}
\indexentry {mean-variance analysis (MVA)|(hyperpage}{44}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!standard deviation|hyperpage}{44}
\indexentry {gain threshold|see{gain success threshold}}{44}
\indexentry {survival threshold|see{gain success threshold}}{44}
\indexentry {threshold|see{gain success threshold}}{44}
\indexentry {success threshold|see{gain success threshold}}{44}
\indexentry {gain success threshold|hyperpage}{44}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!standard deviation|(indexdef}{44}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!standard deviation|)indexdef}{44}
\indexentry {probability of success|hyperpage}{45}
\indexentry {gain success threshold|hyperpage}{45}
\indexentry {location|see{stochasticity, distributions, location-scale family}}{45}
\indexentry {scale|see{stochasticity, distributions, location-scale family}}{45}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!location-scale family|(hyperpage}{45}
\indexentry {location-scale|see{stochasticity, distributions, location-scale family}}{45}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!skewness|hyperpage}{45}
\indexentry {gain success threshold|(hyperpage}{45}
\indexentry {gain success threshold|)hyperpage}{45}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!location-scale family|indexdef}{45}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!location|see{stochasticity, distributions, location-scale}}{45}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!scale|see{stochasticity, distributions, location-scale}}{45}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!normal|hyperpage}{45}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!exponential|hyperpage}{45}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!uniform|hyperpage}{45}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!double exponential|hyperpage}{45}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!log-normal|hyperpage}{45}
\indexentry {CLT|see{stochasticity, central limit theorem}}{46}
\indexentry {central limit theorem (CLT)|see{stochasticity, central limit theorem}}{46}
\indexentry {stochasticity!central limit theorem (CLT)|hyperpage}{46}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!normal|hyperpage}{46}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!normal|hyperpage}{46}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!location-scale family|)hyperpage}{46}
\indexentry {z-score@$z$-score|see{reward-to-variability ratio}}{46}
\indexentry {reward-to-variability ratio|indexdef}{46}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!normal|hyperpage}{46}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!normal|hyperpage}{46}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!normal|hyperpage}{46}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!normal|hyperpage}{46}
\indexentry {dynamic optimization|hyperpage}{46}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!normal|(indexdef}{46}
\indexentry {normal distribution|see{stochasticity, distributions, normal}}{46}
\indexentry {Gaussian distribution|see{stochasticity, distributions, normal}}{46}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!symmetry|hyperpage}{46}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!normal|)indexdef}{46}
\indexentry {Sharpe ratio|see{reward-to-variability ratio}}{46}
\indexentry {ex post performance measure@\expost {} performance measure|hyperpage}{47}
\indexentry {reward-to-variability ratio|hyperpage}{47}
\indexentry {reward-to-variability!graphical optimization|(hyperpage}{47}
\indexentry {reward-to-variability!graphical optimization|)hyperpage}{47}
\indexentry {mean-variance analysis (MVA)|)hyperpage}{47}
\indexentry {risk sensitivity|)hyperpage}{47}
\indexentry {bang-bang control|(indexdef}{47}
\indexentry {bang-bang control|)indexdef}{47}
\indexentry {patch overstaying|hyperpage}{48}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!optimization|)hyperpage}{49}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!optimization|(hyperpage}{49}
\indexentry {satisficing|(indexdef}{49}
\indexentry {satisficing|)indexdef}{49}
\indexentry {rate of excess net gain|(indexdef}{52}
\indexentry {gain success threshold|hyperpage}{52}
\indexentry {rate maximization|hyperpage}{52}
\indexentry {risk sensitivity|hyperpage}{52}
\indexentry {rate of excess net gain|)indexdef}{52}
\indexentry {rate of excess net gain|(hyperpage}{52}
\indexentry {rate of excess net gain!graphical optimization|(hyperpage}{52}
\indexentry {examples!graphical solutions!rate of excess net gain|(indexdef}{53}
\indexentry {patch overstaying!rational explanation|hyperpage}{54}
\indexentry {sunk-cost effect|hyperpage}{55}
\indexentry {Concorde fallacy|see{sunk-cost effect}}{55}
\indexentry {rationality|see{ecological rationality}}{55}
\indexentry {ecological rationality|hyperpage}{55}
\indexentry {examples!graphical solutions!rate of excess net gain|)indexdef}{55}
\indexentry {rate of excess net gain|)hyperpage}{55}
\indexentry {rate of excess net gain!graphical optimization|)hyperpage}{55}
\indexentry {efficiency|see{excess efficiency}}{55}
\indexentry {excess efficiency|(indexdef}{55}
\indexentry {gain success threshold|hyperpage}{55}
\indexentry {gross gain success threshold|hyperpage}{55}
\indexentry {excess efficiency|)indexdef}{56}
\indexentry {excess efficiency|(hyperpage}{56}
\indexentry {excess efficiency!graphical optimization|(hyperpage}{56}
\indexentry {examples!graphical solutions!excess efficiency|(indexdef}{56}
\indexentry {sunk-cost effect|hyperpage}{58}
\indexentry {ecological rationality|hyperpage}{58}
\indexentry {examples!graphical solutions!excess efficiency|)indexdef}{58}
\indexentry {excess efficiency!graphical optimization|)hyperpage}{58}
\indexentry {excess efficiency|)hyperpage}{58}
\indexentry {reward-to-variability ratio|(hyperpage}{58}
\indexentry {reward-to-variability ratio|)hyperpage}{58}
\indexentry {reward-to-variability ratio|(indexdef}{58}
\indexentry {net gain success threshold|see{gain success threshold}}{58}
\indexentry {gain success threshold|hyperpage}{58}
\indexentry {reward-to-variability ratio|)indexdef}{58}
\indexentry {reward-to-variability ratio|(hyperpage}{58}
\indexentry {reward-to-variability ratio!graphical optimization|(hyperpage}{58}
\indexentry {examples!graphical solutions!reward-to-variability ratio|(indexdef}{59}
\indexentry {ecological rationality|hyperpage}{59}
\indexentry {examples!graphical solutions!reward-to-variability ratio|)indexdef}{59}
\indexentry {reward-to-variability ratio!graphical optimization|)hyperpage}{59}
\indexentry {reward-to-variability ratio|)hyperpage}{59}
\indexentry {reward-to-variance ratio|(hyperpage}{61}
\indexentry {reward-to-variance ratio|)hyperpage}{61}
\indexentry {reward-to-variance ratio|(indexdef}{61}
\indexentry {gain success threshold|hyperpage}{61}
\indexentry {reward-to-variance ratio|)indexdef}{61}
\indexentry {reward-to-variance ratio|(hyperpage}{61}
\indexentry {reward-to-variance ratio!graphical optimization|(hyperpage}{61}
\indexentry {examples!graphical solutions!reward-to-variance ratio|(indexdef}{61}
\indexentry {examples!graphical solutions!reward-to-variance ratio|)indexdef}{61}
\indexentry {reward-to-variance ratio!graphical optimization|)hyperpage}{61}
\indexentry {reward-to-variance ratio|)hyperpage}{61}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs|(hyperpage}{63}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!gain and time|(hyperpage}{64}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!gain and time!gain discounted by time|(indexdef}{64}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!gain and time!gain discounted by time|)indexdef}{64}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!gain and time|)hyperpage}{64}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!efficiency|(hyperpage}{64}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!efficiency!gain discounted by cost|(indexdef}{64}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!efficiency!gain discounted by cost|)indexdef}{64}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!efficiency|)hyperpage}{64}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!mean and standard deviation|(hyperpage}{65}
\indexentry {risk sensitivity|(hyperpage}{65}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!mean and standard deviation!mean discounted by standard deviation|(indexdef}{65}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!mean and standard deviation!mean discounted by standard deviation|)indexdef}{65}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!mean and standard deviation|)hyperpage}{65}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!mean and variance|(hyperpage}{65}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!mean and variance!mean discounted by variance|(indexdef}{65}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!mean and variance!mean discounted by variance|)indexdef}{65}
\indexentry {utility theory|(hyperpage}{65}
\indexentry {utility theory|)hyperpage}{66}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs!mean and variance|)hyperpage}{66}
\indexentry {risk sensitivity|)hyperpage}{66}
\indexentry {Pareto tradeoffs|)hyperpage}{66}
\indexentry {constraints|see{optimization constraints}}{66}
\indexentry {optimization constraints|(hyperpage}{66}
\indexentry {optimization constraints!gain and time|(hyperpage}{67}
\indexentry {optimization constraints!gain and time|)hyperpage}{67}
\indexentry {optimization constraints!gain and cost|(hyperpage}{68}
\indexentry {optimization constraints!gain and cost|)hyperpage}{68}
\indexentry {optimization constraints!mean and variance|(hyperpage}{68}
\indexentry {optimization constraints!mean and variance|)hyperpage}{69}
\indexentry {optimization constraints!mean and standard deviation|(hyperpage}{69}
\indexentry {optimization constraints!mean and standard deviation|)hyperpage}{69}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!optimization|)hyperpage}{69}
\indexentry {optimization constraints|)hyperpage}{69}
\indexentry {future directions|hyperpage}{70}
\indexentry {finance!post-modern portfolio theory (PMPT)|(hyperpage}{70}
\indexentry {MVA|see{mean-variance analysis}}{70}
\indexentry {mean-variance analysis (MVA)|hyperpage}{70}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!semivariance|see{stochasticity, statistics, lower-partial variance}}{70}
\indexentry {semivariance|see{stochasticity, statistics, lower-partial variance}}{70}
\indexentry {LPV|see{stochasticity, statistics, lower-partial variance}}{70}
\indexentry {lower-partial variance|see{stochasticity, statistics, lower-partial variance}}{70}
\indexentry {LPM|see{stochasticity, statistics, lower-partial moment}}{70}
\indexentry {lower-partial moment|see{stochasticity, statistics, lower-partial moment}}{70}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!lower-partial variance (LPV)|(indexdef}{70}
\indexentry {mathematics!functions!integral ($\int $)|hyperpage}{71}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!lower-partial variance (LPV)|)indexdef}{71}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!lower-partial moment (LPM)|(indexdef}{71}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!lower-partial moment (LPM)|)indexdef}{71}
\indexentry {MLPM|see{mean-lower-partial-moment analysis}}{71}
\indexentry {MSA|see{mean-lower-partial-moment analysis}}{71}
\indexentry {mean-semivariance analysis|see{mean-lower-partial-moment analysis}}{71}
\indexentry {mean-lower-partial-moment (MLPM) analysis|(indexdef}{71}
\indexentry {mean-lower-partial-variance analysis|(indexdef}{71}
\indexentry {mean-semivariance analysis|see{mean-lower-partial-variance analysis}}{71}
\indexentry {mean-lower-partial-variance analysis|)indexdef}{71}
\indexentry {mean-lower-partial-moment (MLPM) analysis|)indexdef}{71}
\indexentry {finance!stochastic dominance (SD)|(indexdef}{72}
\indexentry {SD|see{finance, stochastic dominance}}{72}
\indexentry {stochastic dominance|see{finance, stochastic dominance}}{72}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable|(hyperpage}{72}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions|(hyperpage}{72}
\indexentry {investment returns|see{finance, investment returns}}{72}
\indexentry {finance!investment returns|hyperpage}{72}
\indexentry {portfolios|see{finance, portfolios}}{72}
\indexentry {finance!portfolios|hyperpage}{72}
\indexentry {capital budgeting|see{finance, capital budgets}}{72}
\indexentry {finance!capital budgets|hyperpage}{72}
\indexentry {maximal utility|see{utility theory}}{72}
\indexentry {maximal expected utility|see{utility theory}}{72}
\indexentry {utilitarianism|see{utility theory}}{72}
\indexentry {expected utility|see{utility theory}}{72}
\indexentry {von Neumann-Morgenstern utility|see{utility theory}}{72}
\indexentry {utility theory|(hyperpage}{72}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions|)hyperpage}{72}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable|)hyperpage}{72}
\indexentry {utility function|see{utility theory}}{72}
\indexentry {finance!stochastic dominance (SD)!first-order (FSD)|(indexdef}{72}
\indexentry {rational agent|see{utility theory}}{72}
\indexentry {finance!stochastic dominance (SD)!first-order (FSD)|)indexdef}{73}
\indexentry {finance!stochastic dominance (SD)!third-order (TSD)|hyperpage}{73}
\indexentry {utility theory|)hyperpage}{73}
\indexentry {finance!stochastic dominance (SD)|)indexdef}{73}
\indexentry {finance!post-modern portfolio theory (PMPT)|)hyperpage}{73}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!optimization|(hyperpage}{74}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!optimization|(hyperpage}{74}
\indexentry {rational objective function|(hyperpage}{74}
\indexentry {extreme-preference rule (EPR)|(indexdef}{84}
\indexentry {zero-one rule|indexdef}{84}
\indexentry {extreme-preference rule (EPR)|)indexdef}{84}
\indexentry {EPR|see{extreme-preference rule}}{84}
\indexentry {rational objective function!optimal solution!constant disadvantage|(hyperpage}{85}
\indexentry {task-type choice problem|hyperpage}{86}
\indexentry {rational objective function!optimal solution!constant disadvantage|)hyperpage}{87}
\indexentry {rational objective function!optimal solution!decreasing advantage-to-disadvantage|(hyperpage}{87}
\indexentry {combined task-type and processing-length choice problem|hyperpage}{87}
\indexentry {marginal value theorem (MVT)|hyperpage}{87}
\indexentry {rational objective function!optimal solution!decreasing advantage-to-disadvantage|)hyperpage}{90}
\indexentry {rational objective function|)hyperpage}{90}
\indexentry {examples!analytical solutions|(indexdef}{90}
\indexentry {examples!analytical solutions!rate of excess net gain|(indexdef}{90}
\indexentry {rate of excess net gain!analytical optimization|(hyperpage}{90}
\indexentry {rate of excess net gain!analytical optimization|)hyperpage}{91}
\indexentry {examples!analytical solutions!rate of excess net gain|)indexdef}{91}
\indexentry {examples!analytical solutions!discounted net gain|(indexdef}{91}
\indexentry {examples!analytical solutions!discounted net gain|)indexdef}{91}
\indexentry {examples!analytical solutions!excess efficiency|(indexdef}{92}
\indexentry {examples!analytical solutions!excess efficiency|)indexdef}{92}
\indexentry {examples!analytical solutions|)indexdef}{92}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!processing-only analysis!optimization|)hyperpage}{92}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!classical analysis!optimization|)hyperpage}{92}
\indexentry {cognition|hyperpage}{93}
\indexentry {artificial intelligence|hyperpage}{93}
\indexentry {cognition|hyperpage}{93}
\indexentry {contributions!engineering|(hyperpage}{93}
\indexentry {applications|see{examples, applications}}{93}
\indexentry {automation|see{examples, applications}}{93}
\indexentry {robotics|see{examples, applications}}{93}
\indexentry {queueing|see{examples, applications, queueing}}{93}
\indexentry {vehicles|see{examples, applications, autonomous vehicle}}{93}
\indexentry {AGV|see{examples, applications, autonomous vehicle}}{93}
\indexentry {autonomous ground vehicles|see{examples, applications, autonomous vehicle}}{93}
\indexentry {AAV|see{examples, applications, autonomous vehicle}}{93}
\indexentry {autonomous air vehicles|see{examples, applications, autonomous vehicle}}{93}
\indexentry {UGV|see{examples, applications, autonomous vehicle}}{93}
\indexentry {unmanned ground vehicles|see{examples, applications, autonomous vehicle}}{93}
\indexentry {UAV|see{examples, applications, autonomous vehicle}}{93}
\indexentry {unmanned air vehicles|see{examples, applications, autonomous vehicle}}{93}
\indexentry {examples!applications|(indexdef}{93}
\indexentry {examples!applications!military|hyperpage}{94}
\indexentry {examples!applications!autonomous vehicle|hyperpage}{94}
\indexentry {examples!applications!temperature control|indexdef}{94}
\indexentry {examples!applications!queueing|hyperpage}{94}
\indexentry {examples!applications|)indexdef}{94}
\indexentry {contributions!engineering|)hyperpage}{94}
\indexentry {contributions!biology|(hyperpage}{94}
\indexentry {contributions!biology|)hyperpage}{96}
\indexentry {future directions|(hyperpage}{96}
\indexentry {future directions|)hyperpage}{97}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Markov renewal process|(hyperpage}{98}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Markov renewal process!limits|(hyperpage}{98}
\indexentry {Markov renewal process|see{stochasticity, Markov renewal process}}{98}
\indexentry {renewal process|see{stochasticity, Markov renewal process}}{98}
\indexentry {Poisson process|see{stochasticity, Poisson process}}{98}
\indexentry {stochasticity!probability space|hyperpage}{98}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Poisson process|hyperpage}{98}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Markov renewal process|hyperpage}{98}
\indexentry {mathematics!functions!convolution ($*$)|hyperpage}{99}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Poisson process|hyperpage}{99}
\indexentry {Erlang-2|see{stochasticity, distributions, Erlang-2}}{99}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!Erlang-2|hyperpage}{99}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Markov renewal process!limits|)hyperpage}{99}
\indexentry {stochasticity!Markov renewal process|)hyperpage}{99}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!Erlang-2|(indexdef}{99}
\indexentry {stochasticity!distributions!Erlang-2|)indexdef}{99}
\indexentry {stochasticity!central limit theorem (CLT)|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {extreme-preference rule (EPR)|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {finance!stochastic dominance (SD)!first-order (FSD)|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!iid@\iid |indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {optimality!KKT conditions|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!lower-partial moment (LPM)|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!lower-partial variance (LPV)|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {finance!modern portfolio theory (MPT)|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {mean-variance analysis (MVA)|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {marginal value theorem (MVT)|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {optimal foraging theory|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {finance!post-modern portfolio theory (PMPT)|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {finance!stochastic dominance (SD)|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {finance!stochastic dominance (SD)!third-order (TSD)|indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!parameters|(indexglo}{106}
\indexentry {Markov renewal cycle!OFT cycle|indexglo}{108}
\indexentry {solitary agent model!parameters|)indexglo}{108}
\indexentry {mathematics|(indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!equality ($=$)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!definition ($\triangleq $)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers|(indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!natural numbers ($\N $)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!whole numbers ($\W $)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!integers ($\Z $)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!rationals ($\Q $)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!real numbers ($\R $)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!real positive numbers ($\R _{>0}$)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!real non-negative numbers ($\R _{\geq 0}$)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!real negative numbers ($\R _{<0}$)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!real non-positive numbers ($\R _{\leq 0}$)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!real non-zero numbers ($\R _{\neq 0}$)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!extended real numbers ($\extR $)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!Euclidean $n$-space ($\R ^n$)|indexglo}{109}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers|)indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets|(indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!empty set ($\emptyset $)|indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!set element ($\in $)|indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!exclusion ($\notin $)|indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!superset ($\supseteq $ or $\supset $)|indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!subset ($\subseteq $ or $\subset $)|indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!power set ($\Pow $)|indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!set intersection ($\cap $)|indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!set union ($\cup $)|indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!set difference ($\setdiff $)|indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!set complement (${}^c$)|indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!ordered pair|indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!n-tuple@$n$-tuple|indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!Cartesian product ($\times $)|(indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!Cartesian product ($\times $)|)indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!real number intervals|(indexglo}{110}
\indexentry {mathematics!numbers!real number intervals|)indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets|)indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!logic|(indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!logic!equivalence ($\iff $)|indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!logic!implication ($\implies $)|indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!logic|)indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!order|(indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!order!infimum ($\inf $)|indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!order!supremum ($\sup $)|indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!order!maximum ($\max $)|indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!order!minimum ($\min $)|indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!order|)indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!functions(|indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!functions|indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!limit ($\lim $ or $\to $)|indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!functions!total derivative ($\total $)|indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!functions!partial derivative ($\partial $)|indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!functions|)indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!vector spaces|(indexglo}{111}
\indexentry {mathematics!vector spaces!vector transpose (${}^\T $)|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {mathematics!vector spaces!matrix transpose (${}^\T $)|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {mathematics!functions!gradient ($\nabla $)|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {mathematics!functions!Hessian ($\nabla ^2$)|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {mathematics!vector spaces|)indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {stochasticity|(indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {mathematics!sets!Borel algebra ($\Borel $)|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {mathematics!functions!integral ($\int $)|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {mathematics!functions!convolution ($*$)|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {stochasticity!probability measure|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {stochasticity!probability space|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!cumulative distribution function ($F$)|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random variable!probability density function ($f$)|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!expectation ($\E $)|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!expectation of function|indexglo}{112}
\indexentry {stochasticity!statistics!conditional expectation|indexglo}{113}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random process|indexglo}{113}
\indexentry {stochasticity!random process!almost sure limit ($\aslim $ or $\xto {a.s.}$)|indexglo}{113}
\indexentry {stochasticity|)indexglo}{113}
\indexentry {mathematics|)indexglo}{113}